Nearly exact sample size calculation for powerful non‐randomized tests for differences between binomial proportions

In the case of two independent samples, it turns out that among the procedures taken in consideration, BOSCHLOO'S technique of raising the nominal level in the standard conditional test as far as admissible performs best in terms of power against almost all alternatives. The computational burden entailed in exact sample size calculation is comparatively modest for both the uniformly most powerful unbiased randomized and the conservative non‐randomized version of the exact Fisher‐type test. Computing these values yields a pair of bounds enclosing the exact sample size required for the Boschloo test, and it seems reasonable to replace the exact value with the middle of the corresponding interval. Comparisons between these mid‐N estimates and the fully exact sample sizes lead to the conclusion that the extra computational effort required for obtaining the latter is mostly dispensable. This holds also true in the case of paired binary data (McNemar setting). In the latter, the level‐corrected score test turns out to be almost as powerful as the randomized uniformly most powerful unbiased test and should be preferred to the McNemar–Boschloo test. The mid‐N rule provides a fairly tight upper bound to the exact sample size for the score test for paired proportions.     

国家创新系统中政府作用分析

新古典经济学认为,创新由市场需求推动,政府干预只起辅助作用。发达国家和发展中国家的经济发展实践表明,政府可以作为促进者、需求者在创新系统中发挥重要作用。本文梳理国家创新系统的研究脉络,分析政府在系统失灵中的作用机理,研究美国、日本、德国创新系统的框架和近期进展,发现科技完备的国家创新系统要求政府在创新战略构建、提高企业创新能力、构建产学研合作网络等方面发挥能动和主导作用。     

Spousal Wealth and Fathers’ Involvement in Childcare in Uganda

ABSTRACT

The redistribution of household work is considered essential for effectively empowering women. This study examines the extent to which fathers’ evaluation of their wealth in relation to their wives’ influences fathers’ willingness to participate in childcare, a domain traditionally gender ascribed to wives. Data were gathered from a mothers’ survey and a fathers’ survey, each with a sample of 200, conducted in a rural and an urban district in Uganda in 2008. The study compares mean scores for perception and practice indices across three wealth categories: “wife is wealthier than husband,” “husband is wealthier than wife,” and “shared or equal wealth.” Data show that fathers are more likely to engage in childcare when husbands and wives share or have equal wealth than when there are wealth differences between spouses. The results suggest that policy should focus on raising women's economic endowment as well as public education that encourages progressive perceptions of gender roles.     

应用型本科院校教师、学生、服务“三位一体”的转型新机制研究--以安康学院数学与统计系统计学专业实践教学为例

应用型本科院校作为中国高等教育发展的时代产物,占全国高等教育人才培养的半壁江山,对中国高等教育人才培养影响极大。随着应用型本科院校将逐步转型以职业技术教育为核心,以培养技术技能型人才为内涵的发展之路,应用型本科院校必须过好转型三关：突破专业教师转型的困惑关;创新应用型人才协调发展的成长关;构建社会服务互动机制的双赢关。     

大学生个人知识管理促进其职业发展

在知识经济时代,面对知识的种类日益繁多且瞬息更新,只有通过正确的个人知识管理,不断提高自身综合素养,增强自身竞争力,大学生才能顺利地促进个人职业的发展。     

贸易摩擦对中国钢铁产品出口影响的实证研究

随着中国钢铁产业快速的发展和世界经济环境的变化,涉华钢铁产品贸易摩擦日趋激烈。文章分析了中国钢铁产品出口贸易摩擦的概况,运用理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法,详细分析贸易摩擦对中国钢铁产品出口规模、出口市场结构以及国际竞争力的影响,对贸易摩擦的影响进行了总结:负面影响主要是出口规模的萎缩、限制相关企业的发展和提高出口贸易的成本,正面影响主要是促进贸易地理方向的多元化、产生优胜劣汰效应和促进技术创新。     

领导行为的马太效应：领导组织化身的调节作用

文章就组织行为领域领导行为的马太效应及领导组织化身的调节作用进行了具体理论分析和实证检验。以510名企事业单位员工为样本,探讨了领导行为的马太效应及其具体作用机制。研究发现：变革型领导(正性领导）行为对员工工作绩效具有积极效应,辱虐领导（负性领导）行为对员工工作绩效具有消极效应,两类领导行为均通过情感组织承诺的中介效应对工作绩效产生影响;同时,领导组织化身（SOE）在两类领导行为与情感组织承诺之间起着显著调节作用,使得领导行为的马太效应进一步凸显和放大。这表明了在管理实践中领导行为具有特殊重要性,应注意汲取其有益影响、克服其负面效应,并充分利用员工领导组织化身认知的调节作用大力提升领导行为的有效性。     

“中国梦”实现过程的中国经济总量和人民生活水平预测

文章分析了“中国梦”实现的三个阶段中,中国经济总量和人民生活水平将会发生的变化。文章预测：按实际汇率换算,2021年中国经济总量将超越美国成为世界第一经济大国,此时中国的人民生活水平将达到当时的世界平均水平;2049年中国的人民生活水平将达到世界高收入国家90%的生活水平;2065年中国的人民生活水平将达到最发达国家的生活水平,进而全面实现几代中国人梦寐以求的中华民族的伟大复兴。     

China's Emergence and Its Implications for Europe's Economies

Abstract

This paper assesses how the competition between China and the EU in export markets has affected the trade performance of European countries. It first draws on a comparison between Germany and France before turning to discuss the economic and social impact of China's internationalization on Europe's economies. The results suggest that even in the recent years when China has gained prominence, it should not be blamed for more than half of the measured effects for emerging countries.     

试论我国对外开放新思维

我国的对外开放已经走过了二十多年的历程,取得了巨大成就。本文认为,随着我国经济实力迅速提升,国际地位日益提高,我们应总结、反思和提出新形势下我国的对外开放新战略。文章从政府作用新定位、国内外经济双平衡、引进外资平常心等三个方面探讨了我国对外开放的新思维:政府在制定经济政策时要具有国际经济大视野,要从维护国际规则向制定国际规则转变;要从追求国际收支顺差向追求国际收支平衡转变,实现国内外经济综合平衡;要从大规模招商引资向以平常心对待外商转变,对内外资企业一视同仁,鼓励技术创新。